BRIDGE JOBS AS PATHS TO WORKING LONGER: DO GENDER AND RETIREMENT IDENTITIES MATTER?

Abstract Leaving a full-time career job happens not only by completely exiting the labor force but also by having bridge jobs. When choosing to have bridge jobs, some workers perceive themselves as partially or completely retired while others are not. This study first categorizes bridge jobs into three types: switching occupations, leaving employers, and reducing work hours to part-time. Then, this study uses the Health and Retirement Study to investigate how the self-perceived retirement status in bridge jobs affects the timing of complete withdrawal from the labor force by using two-way fixed-effects event study regression. The results show that a significant proportion of older workers consider themselves partially or completely retired when leaving employers or reducing work hours but do not when switching occupations. The results also show the effects of bridge jobs on the complete withdrawal are different by the self-perceived retirement status and gender. Switching occupations reduces the probability of retirement for male workers who do not consider it as retirement while it increases the probability of retirement for female workers who consider it as retirement. Leaving the employer reduces the probability of retirement for male workers who consider these bride jobs as retirement while it does not for female workers. These findings imply the importance of self-perception of retirement in labor force participation and how it differs by the types of bridge jobs.

minority groups may experience both race-and age-based discrimination.Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we investigate whether workplace ageism is related to older workers' cognition and whether the link differs by race/ethnicity.We find that workers who perceive ageism in their workplaces tend to do worse on standard cognition tests than those who do not.For example, the immediate and delayed word recall performance is 13-14% of one SD lower among individuals who report that co-workers pressure older workers to retire before age 65.The relationships are stronger (more negative) for Hispanic workers, but there is no evidence that they differ between Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White workers.

SOCIAL STATUS AND RETIREMENT ACROSS AGE AND NATIONS
Abstract citation ID: igad104.0876

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL STATUS AND PHYSICAL FRAILTY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN INDIA
T Muhammad 1 , and Manacy Pai 2 , 1. International Institute for Population Sciences,Mumbai,Maharashtra,India,2. Kent State University,Kent,Ohio,United States Research on the association between subjective social status (SSS) and physical frailty is critical to crafting interventions that can combat functional decline, prolong physical vitality, and sustain quality of life.We assessed the association between SSS and physical frailty and the mediation of this association by perceived everyday discrimination and ill-treatment among older adults in India.Data come from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India with a sample of 31,464 older adults age 60 years and above.Physical frailty was assessed using an adapted version of the frailty phenotype developed by Fried and colleagues.SSS was assessed using the Macarthur scale.Multivariable logistic regression along with KHB (Karlson-Holm-Breen) method was employed to examine the associations and the mediation effects.The prevalence of physical frailty was 30.65% and those with lowest SSS had higher prevalence of physical frailty (42.06%).After adjusting for a number of confounders, odds of physical frailty were significantly lower among those with a high SSS in comparison to those with low SSS, and the variance explained by the SSS was higher than that explained by household consumption quintiles.The association between SSS and physical frailty was mediated by perceived everyday discrimination (percent mediated: 8.20) and experiences of ill-treatment (percent mediated: 9.32).The findings underscore that when examining the association between socioeconomic status and physical frailty, it is important to consider SSS given that perceptions of one's social standing likely reflect the less apparent psychosocial components associated with it.

BRIDGE JOBS AS PATHS TO WORKING LONGER: DO GENDER AND RETIREMENT IDENTITIES MATTER?
Yun taek Oh 1 , and Phyllis Moen 2 , 1. University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Michigan,United States,2

. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Leaving a full-time career job happens not only by completely exiting the labor force but also by having bridge jobs.When choosing to have bridge jobs, some workers perceive themselves as partially or completely retired while others are not.This study first categorizes bridge jobs into three types: switching occupations, leaving employers, and reducing work hours to part-time.Then, this study uses the Health and Retirement Study to investigate how the self-perceived retirement status in bridge jobs affects the timing of complete withdrawal from the labor force by using two-way fixed-effects event study regression.The results show that a significant proportion of older workers consider themselves partially or completely retired when leaving employers or reducing work hours but do not when switching occupations.The results also show the effects of bridge jobs on the complete withdrawal are different by the self-perceived retirement status and gender.Switching occupations reduces the probability of retirement for male workers who do not consider it as retirement while it increases the probability of retirement for female workers who consider it as retirement.Leaving the employer reduces the probability of retirement for male workers who consider these bride jobs as retirement while it does not for female workers.These findings imply the importance of self-perception of retirement in labor force participation and how it differs by the types of bridge jobs.

CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF FRABONI SCALE OF AGEISM IN A CHINESE-MAJORITY SAMPLE FROM SINGAPORE
Yuanyuan Cao, Jie Xin Lim, Ringo Ho, and Yin-Leng Theng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore The 29-item Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA; Fraboni et al., 1990) was constructed to measure three dimensions of ageism (Antilocution, Discrimination, and Avoidance) using samples from Canada.The factor structure of the FSA has been challenged in recent studies using US samples (Rupp et al., 2000) and Chinese samples (Fan et al., 2020), resulting in alternative factor structures.The current study aimed to test the different factor structures proposed in these past studies with a sample from Singapore, a Chinese-majority multicultural country.Data from 311 individuals, aged between 21and 55-year-old were collected.They completed the 29-item FSA using a six-point agreement scale.Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the goodness-of-fit of the aforementioned factor structures.The results indicated that none of three models provided a good fit to the data.A follow-up exploratory factor analysis with parallel analysis suggested a 3-factor structure.Thirteen out of the 29 items were found to have at least one salient cross-loading after Geomin rotation.These findings suggest that the samples likely interpreted and responded to the items differently resulting in different itemfactor configurations, implying the impact of regional culture on the construct validity of FSA.Researchers aiming to quantify ageism in their population using FSA are advised to examine the FSA factor structure prior to using it.

CORRELATES OF RETIREMENT EXPECTATIONS AMONG BABY BOOMERS IN US AND SOUTH KOREA: APPLICATIONS OF TREE-BASED METHODS
Linh Dang, and Briana Mezuk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States 75 million US Baby Boomers are expected to retire by 2030.Retirement decisions are a result of a complex interplay of multiple psychosocial factors, including individual (demographics, health characteristics), family (marital status, spousal characteristics), work-related factors (job characteristics, workplace environment), and cultural contexts surrounding retirement.However, traditional regressions of retirement expectations limit the inclusion of a large set of factors and their interactions.This study employed decision trees and random forests to explore the salient psychosocial correlates of retirement expectations among Baby Boomers in two countries that differ in retirement norms and policies, US and South Korea.Sample included adults aged 52-65 from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (n=1,192) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (n= 766).Expectation (probability) of working full-time for the next 5-10 years was modeled continuously (range: 0-100).Prediction models of expectations included 52 psychosocial factors relating to individual, family, and work characteristics.Mean expectations were higher in Koreans than US adults (71.4% vs. 36.7%).Age, self-reported probability of living to age 75, and work hours strongly predicted expectations in both US and Korean adults.While type of employment, Social Security or private pension benefits, and employment tenure were important predictors in US adults, flexible work arrangements were important in Koreans.Differences in features predicting retirement expectations between the US and Korean adults suggest opportunities for country-specific programs and policies aimed to promote workplace environment and pension benefits for successful retirement planning in the Baby Boom generation.

FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION OF OLDER ADULTS: INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON NEW DIRECTIONS Chair: Julie Miller
Financial exploitation of older adults is a topic that has drawn increased public recognition in recent years.Despite advances in research, services, products, and policies working to prevent financial exploitation of older adults and support victims, interdisciplinary perspectives are needed to strengthen interventions.This symposium will bring together scholars and practitioners to address the issue of financial exploitation from a variety of disciplines, all united in their mission to detect and prevent financial exploitation of older adults and to support victims.The first two presentations in the symposium will highlight conceptual understandings of financial exploitation of older adults, including a revisionary model of financial exploitation of older adults that includes emerging cognitive, cultural, and other contextual factors (Presentation 1) and a study of financial